Why Do We Need to Understand Group Dynamics to Understand...

I. Introduction To understand Organizational Behavior and Management, we must study three different levels. The first is the individual level, because every individual has its own unique perception of the world and what surrounds him. Individuals behave following how they interpret this and their environment. Each individual is different from the next one, because of its personality and characteristics. However, it’s possible to organize them by categorizing their perceptions. Categories such as Appearance, Social behavior and Status are often considered. Individual’s motivations must be analyzed to understand the next level : the Group. A Group is composed by 2 or more individuals, who come together to accomplish a particular task or†¦show more content†¦If members are attracted to the group because they like members of the group, or the group activities/goals or just because it fills a need for affiliation, they are more likely to be productive. The size of the group also has an influence on the group’s performance. According to recent research, medium sized groups of 5 to 7 people seem to have the higher performance in organizations. If the group is smaller, there’s a chance it can highlight the individual differences and harm the group cohesiveness. If group are too large, people tend to work more by themselves (â€Å"Free riding†) rather than with the whole group, or create smaller teams within the group. c) Group norms. Norms are acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the members of the group. Norms define the limits of what is acceptable and what is not in terms of behavior. They are typically imagined in order to facilitate group survival, make behavior more predictable, avoid embarrassing situations, and express the values of the group. Each group will establish its own set of norms that may determine anything from the appropriate clothes to wear at a dinner to how many comments to make in a meeting. Groups pressure members to force them to conform to the groups standards. The norms often reflect the level of commitment, motivation, and performance of the group. The majority of the members of the group must agree that the norms are appropriateShow MoreRelatedExplain the types of organizational change and the process of organizational change. Which are the most efficient methods of managing changes?1726 Words   |  7 Pagesï ¿ ½Business Management BUSINESS MANAGEMENT ï ¿ ½ EXPLAIN THE TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND THE PROCESS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE. WHICH ARE THE MOST EFFICIENT METHODS OF MANAGING CHANGES? Organisational change is an irreversible adoption of any feature of its strucutre, personel, products or processes (J.Naylor) Todays business environment is forcing entities for changes. If we would think from corporate point of view it is essential for the companies success to be in accordance with newRead MoreThe Dynamics of People and Organizations1655 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1 The Dynamics of People and Organizations Organizational Behavior Organizational Behavior is the study and application of knowledge about how people – as individuals and as groups – act within organizations. Organizational Behavior is a scientific discipline in which a large number of research studies and conceptual developments are constantly adding to its knowledge base. Goals of Organizational Behavior (Most Sciences share four goals) * Describe (How people behave under a varietyRead MoreOrganizational Culture Organizational Behavior Diversity1622 Words   |  7 PagesORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR DIVERSITY COMMUNICATION ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND GROUP DYNAMICS MGT/307 July 20, 2010 Organizational Culture is the system of shared actions, values, and beliefs that has developed within an organization and guides the behavior of its members. Organizational Development consists of special applications of knowledge gained from behavioral science to create a comprehensive design to improve organizational effectiveness. Through the collectiveRead MoreOrganizational Group Behavior and Communication1445 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Group Behavior and Communication Chris Bevins COM 425 Communication in Organizations Willetra  Brittian 18 Jul 2010 Organizational Group Behavior and Communication People are an organization’s most important and valuable resource. How they interact and communicate can be one of the most important aspects of an organization’s success. The knowledge, skills, and abilities people of today possess offer limitless opportunities to maximize work center effectiveness. People not only comeRead MoreStudy Of Organizational Behavior ( Ob )3108 Words   |  13 PagesSTUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR INTRODUCTION The study of Organizational Behavior (OB) is related to individuals, group of people working together in teams. The study becomes more challenging when situational factors interact. No two individuals are likely to behave in the same manner in a particular work situation. It is the predictability of a manager about the expected behavior of an individual. There are no absolutes in human behavior. It is the human factor that is contributory to the productivityRead MoreIntroduction to Human Behavior in Organization2777 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction to Organizational Behavior People have a variety of needs. Irrespective of ones status, age, and achievements, one would still have some unfulfilled needs. In order to satisfy their unfulfilled needs more effectively, people have learned to organize themselves into groups. The process of organizing facilitates an organization in its specialization efforts. It helps the employees to develop specialized skills and enhances the productivity and efficient functioning of the organizationRead MoreThe Functions Of The Executive By Chester I Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagescooperative behavior in the formal organization. Before this book, Bernard realized that most of the management theories were incomplete and stated that to administrate is to plan, organize, integrate and measure etc. But some of the most basic questions about management and organizations were left untouched such as why we need organizations? What are essential for organizations? Barnard realizes that without first answering these questions and find ing the nature of organizations, we are lack ofRead MoreThe Role Of Industrial And Organizational Psychology1358 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the history of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, there have been many techniques and many great minds that have established ideas and methods of the human behavior in a workplace. Industrial and Organizational Psychology focuses on the values and ethics of individuals, groups, and organization behavior, then takes the knowledge that it has acquired in establishing solutions for problems at work. The solutions that have been met to be effective have been put together into a theoryRead MoreThe Leader in Me1370 Words   |  6 Pagesand the assessment results are illustrated in the essay appendices. Leadership Capabilities and Organizational Behavior Understanding yourself is key component in considering your professional career choices and organizational fit in progressive companies today. Having a baseline awareness of your personality characteristics and how those characteristics play a role in organizational behaviors is essential to a successful career in the modern workplaces or fast paced business cultures of corporateRead MoreSynergetic Solutions1403 Words   |  6 Pageslarge. However big the change, resistance can be minimal or massive. The organization should look inwards toward the potential obstacles to that change. These obstacles may include resistance to two sources: individuals and the organizational structure. Both sources need careful consideration and planning. Haphazard change can be disastrous to an organization. Planned changed is always the best course. Internal and External Forces of Change at Synergetic Solutions Synergetic Solution faces

Science Paper

Science paper represents a written report aimed at describing available research findings on a particular scientific topic. The requirements for a science paper are similar to other academic works and include the presence of an introduction with a thesis statement, several body paragraphs pointing out the findings and a conclusion summarizing presented materials and offering further discussion. Genetically Modified Organisms Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) can be defined as artificially created organisms by inserting certain genes originating from an external source into other unrelated species. The advantages and disadvantages of GMOs remain a widely discussed topic both in the scientific community and among the wide public. There are a lot of scientific studies on this topic suggesting the benefits of GMOs including fatty organisms, proteins, and promises in gene therapy. A review of recent studies in the field will demonstrate that GMOs bring significant benefits for humanity. The advancements in biotechnology have made it possible to overcome a wide range of earlier insurmountable physiological barriers by exchanging genetic materials among different organisms. The benefits of GMOs is supported by numerous scientific studies. In accordance with the research performed by Lai and colleagues, GMOs is used for feeding transgenic pigs that produce meat rich in omega-3 fatty acid. These pigs are the result of gene technology and created by inserting specific genes into ordinary pigs. Lai and colleagues found out that transgenic pigs produced meat with six times increase in n-3 fatty acids. These findings underline the benefits of GMOs since Omega-3 fatty acid constitutes an essential element for human health improving the immune system. GMOs are also actively used in agriculture. In the article written by Maghari and Ardekani, the authors pointed out that the cultivation of genetically modified crops produces millions of tons of food that otherwise could not be grown. The advances in the production of genetically modified crops helped the industry produce foods on lands that earlier were regarded as inappropriate for agriculture. GMOs are also actively used in the milk industry. The differences between human and cow milk often become the reason for allergies among infants who are fed with baby food. With the help of GMO technology, scientists have succeeded to significantly reduce the amount of allergen contained in the milk. Therefore, genetic modification has become a solution for making BLG free milk that can be safely used for producing baby food. The study performed by Jabed and colleagues showed that the composition of milk produced by transgenic cows was free of BLG A and BLG B that are thought to cause allergic reactions. Hence, GMOs have solved the problem of an allergic reaction to cow milk among infants by creating transgenic cows producing hypoallergenic milk. Another study on GMOs supporting its benefits for humanity was performed on pancreas of pigs used for producing insulin. Houdebine in his article explained that transgenic techniques allowed scientists to extract insulin from the pancreas of pigs that is later used by diabetic patients. Therefore, GMOs have made it possible to produce cheap and safe insulin for diabetic patients. To conclude, the benefits of GMOs are hard to underestimate. This science paper demonstrated only three studies in the field providing supportive evidence in favor of GMOs. With the help of transgenic techniques, people have an opportunity to produce meat rich in omega-3 fatty acid that is vital for human immune system. Transgenic cows produce hypoallergenic milk that can be safely used in baby food without the fear of allergic reactions. Finally, GMOs are used in pharmacology for producing insulin from the pancreas of pigs. References Maghari, B. Ardekani, A. (2017). Genetically Modified Foods and Social Concerns. Avicenna Journal Of Medical Biotechnology, 3(3), 109-117. Houdebine, L. (2009). Production Of Pharmaceutical Proteins By Transgenic Animals. Microbiology And Infectious Diseases, 32(2), 107-121. http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2007.11.005. Jabed, A. et al. (2012). Targeted Microrna Expression In Dairy Cattle Directs Production Of -Lactoglobulin-Free, High-Casein Milk. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 109(2), 16811-16816. doi:10.1073/pnas.1210057109. Lai, L. et al. (2012). Generation Of Cloned Transgenic Pigs Rich In Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Nature Biotechnology, 24(4), 435-436. doi:10.1038/nbt1198. Verma, C., Nanda, S., Mishra, S. (2011). A Review on Impacts of Genetically Modified Food on Human Health. The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 4(1), 3-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876396001104010003

William Golding´s Lord of the Flies and the Human Mind

When a person makes a decision it is often with the values of society in mind, but without these morals as a guideline it is possible to imagine the world we would be living in. William Goldings Lord of the Flies is a literary exemplar of human nature at its core, as summarized by Sigmund Freuds theory of the mind’s three levels of psychological consciousness. The character of Jack represents the first level of consciousness that is only concerned with animalistic pleasures; called the i.d. Ralph symbolized the ego which uses basic cognitive skills and instills patience to seek the primitive wants to the i.d in the most effective way. The most intelligent of the boys, Piggy, represents the superego or the guiding power that encourages living by the morals and values that have the ultimate control over human instinct. Throughout the novel Lord of the Flies there are many instances where the characters exemplify the levels of consciousness theorized by Sigmund Freud. Jack shares the same desire to instantly satisfy his appetite for aggression and entertainment as the first and most basic level of psychological consciousness, the i.d. A prominent piece of evidence supporting this is his disregard for rules and order and the thoughts and feelings of others. When the biguns discuss their plan to get off the island he interjects with his own trivial ideas, saying â€Å"All the same you need an army- for hunting† (Golding 23). The i.d. can not function when it’s plans go awryShow MoreRelated Struggle Between Good and Evil in William Goldings Lord of the Flies1186 Words   |  5 PagesGood and Evil in William Goldings Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚   Evil is not an external force controlled by the devil, but rather the potential for evil resides within each person. Man has the potential to exhibit great kindness or to rape and pillage. In the novel Lord of the Flies, William Golding deals with this evil that exists in the heart of man. With his mastery of such literary tool as structure, syntax, diction, point of view and presentation of character, Golding allows the readerRead MoreLord of the Flies: World War IIs Impact Essay1064 Words   |  5 PagesLord of the Flies: World War II’s Impact Lord of the Flies by William Golding was influenced strongly by his experiences as a naval officer during World War II. Golding’s wartime service gave him a darker and more realistic look on life, and contributed to the novel’s imagery. As Golding described, World War II woke him up from his falsified beliefs about human nature by showing him the true human condition (â€Å"Lord of the Flies,† Novels 175). Lord of the Flies, as Golding explained, is â€Å"an attemptRead MoreLord of the Flies a Microcosm to Our Society1306 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Golding s novel Lord of the Flies significantly symbolizes characters, objects and the setting to represent our world as a whole. Golding uses those symbols to make the island similar to society and to show the difference between living in a civilised society and savagery. The novel takes place on an island during World War II, this is significant since the isolation forms a sort of civilization and community, a so rt of microcosm to the real world and to human civilization. Lord of the FliesRead MoreSocietal Breakdown On The Island1720 Words   |  7 PagesSocietal breakdown on the island in ‘Lord of the Flies’ is due to the inherent evil of man 3.8: Develop an informed understanding of literature and/or language using critical texts. Hypothesis: Societal breakdown on the island is due to the inherent evil of man Jason Carvalho ‘Lord of the Flies’ is the name of William Golding’s historically famous novel, yet it is more than just a title. It is a kind of statement, a way of mocking the very existences of humanity. Reading this book I cameRead MoreThe Importance Of Fear In Lord Of The Flies By William Golding751 Words   |  4 PagesHardy English IV Period 2 17 September 2017 The Importance of Fear In Lord of the Flies, William Golding applies literary devices like characterization and symbolism to develop the theme: the power of fear. From the beginning to the end of the story, Golding suggests to the reader that the most destructive emotion humans have is fear. In the novel, the boys find out that the only fear that is inevitable is fear itself. Golding leads the reader into his beliefs by stating, â€Å"...fear can t hurt youRead MoreLord Of The Flies By William Golding785 Words   |  4 PagesWhen Civilization is Faced Against Savagery It is found that a majority of people believe human beings are naturally savages. Others protest that the human race has progressed since those times of hunting and savagery, that now humans contain the ability to interact and communicate to others through civilized, mutual understanding. What only makes a person savage is if they are a killer, or doing something else egregious in that category. So then, why does every society and country have anRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1444 Words   |  6 Pagesabout William Golding and his most famous book, Lord of the Flies, in which a group of British schoolboys - aged from around 6-12 - become stranded on an island, and quickly begin their descent into chaos. Today, I am joined by literarian and William Golding expert, Lara Caglar. Expert Hi, Vanessa, it’s a pleasure to be here Interviewer Together, we will be discussing the question on everyone’s minds, what happened to Golding that led him to have such an incredibly negative view of human natureRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1162 Words   |  5 PagesAdlai Stevenson I once said, â€Å"The human race has improved everything, but the human race.† William Golding, author of Lord of the Flies, would most likely agree with Stevenson. The Nobel Laureate uses his book, an allegory for human life, to show human nature in its primitive form; a form only found when people are isolated from societies. Civilization shields a man’s inner nature from coming out, and when civilization is nowhere to be found, that innate nature come out. As the characters in hisRead MoreWilliam Golding s Lord Of The Flies1776 Words   |  8 PagesMaybe the beast is us (Golding 85), in the novel, Lord of the Flies, by author William Golding, Golding uses the entire book as social commentary. The social aspect he fo cuses on is man’s ability to be evil and destructive. William Golding uses three specific literary devices to convey this idea; characterization, diction and symbolism. Lord of the Flies explains man s capacity for evil which is revealed in his inherent human nature, which he cannot control or ignore. The hidden evil withinRead MoreLord Of The Flies : Kohlberg s Morality Theory958 Words   |  4 Pages Lord of the Flies Through Kohlberg’s Morality Theory â€Å"Maybe there is a beast†¦ maybe it s only us.†good hook This quotation is taken from The Lord of the Flies, a novel that surrounds around young survivors of a plane crash that thrive on a deserted island. This particular quote paraphrases the unexpected behaviors that the characters model. Throughout the novel, the characters search for the evil on the island but instead discover it in their own minds. The approaches they take

Applied Research on Constructive Realism- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theApplied Research on Constructive Realism for Tabula Rasa. Answer: When a child is born, its imaginative skills are like a blank sheet known as tabula rasa by philosopher John Locke. With the attainment of maturity, ideas, concepts and thoughts begin to form. This is mainly through the means of observation, which generates within them critiquing skills (lvarez, 2015). These abilities form out of curiosity to know the reason behind each and every thing that is happening around them. Keen observation of the events of the surroundings exposes the humans to various situations, which are either in their favour or against. The approach of the humans towards these situations results in the formation of experiences, which helps the individuals to take a stance regarding the events, which occur in their life (Tao, 2016). The ability of the humans to shape and create their own experiences equalizes them with God. The second assumption can be God is a universal truth. Therefore, combining both the assumptions, we derive the conclusion that abilities of the humans regarding the creation of their own experiences are true. The basis for this reality is the application of rational thinking towards the issues, which the humans come across. Countering this, failure in terms of applying rational thinking attaches an interrogative parameter to the skills, expertise and knowledge of the individuals (lvarez, 2015). Here lays the need for some concrete evidences, which the philosophy critiques cannot deny. Typical evidence in this direction is propositions made by the constructive researchers in terms of the skills and abilities to give shape to self experience being one of the major elements of behavioural science in case of the humans. References and Bibiliography lvarez-Vzquez, J. Y. (2015). The Incipient Mind Argument The Persistence of Absolutist Thinking in Biological Philosophy of Mind.GSTF Journal of General Philosophy (JPhilo),1(2). Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. (2017).Human ethology. Routledge. Hakkak, M., Nazarpoori, A., Mousavi, S. N., Ghodsi, M. (2015). Investigating the effects of emotional intelligence on social-mental factors of human resource productivity.Revista de Psicologa del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones,31(3), 129-134. Tao, S. (2016). A New Lens for Analysis: The Capability Approach and Critical Realism. InTransforming Teacher Quality in the Global South(pp. 25-49). Palgrave Macmillan UK.